Antibiotic residues may be found in food of animal origin and pose a risk to human health. This study detected antibiotic

residues in chicken liver tissues and assessed the resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the chicken liver tissues in Ishaka-

Bushenyi municipality, Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2023 to November 2023 in which 20 broiler

liver samples were collected from Ishaka-Bushenyi municipality markets in Western Uganda. The liver samples underwent a

microbiological analysis to test for the presence of antibiotic residues, isolation of bacteria and determination of their resistance

profiles to antibiotics. Overall, 20% of the samples tested against E. coli ATCC 25922 from Ishaka were positive for antibiotic

residues while 10% from Bushenyi were positive for antibiotic residues. All the samples (100%) tested against S. aureus ATCC

25923 were positive for the presence of antibiotic residues from both Ishaka and Bushenyi. We isolated E. coli (45%), Klebsiella

spp (35%) and S. aureus (20%). All the three bacteria were 100% resistant to metronidazole. Among the detected isolates, 88.9%

of E. coli, 100% of S. aureus isolates, and 85.7% of Klebsiella spp. were susceptible to meropenem. This study revealed that

broiler chicken samples collected from Ishaka and Bushenyi markets contained antibiotic residues. Consequently, the isolated

pathogens from the broiler chicken samples showed high resistance to antibiotics that are commonly used in humans. There

is a need to restrict the use of antibiotics in food-producing animals like broiler chickens because humans end up consuming

antibiotic residues.

There is little doubt that the advances in cryobiology have contributed immensely to prolong preservation of genome and treatment options available for the animals experiencing infertility. However, along with these advances a number of specific ethical problems have arisen. The storage of excess embryos has also proved to be a complex issue. Difficulties can arise when the animals are not provided with all the basic facilities, handle without carefully and torture to give sample. Although the scientific concept behind the sperm cryopreservation might look simple, the procedure itself is very complex and it requires highly advanced sperm banking and cryopreservation facilities with proper equipment to handle semen collection, freezing and storage. Surprisingly, when it comes to complexity, the legal aspect of cryopreservation is no different than its scientific aspect in term of superficial simplicity and underlying complexity. However in contrast to firm foundation that currently underlies sperm cryopreservation, the legal considerations are uncertain, sometimes vague, and still in a premature stage. Little literature is availably addressing the legal and ethical aspects on semen cryopreservation technology. This paper evaluates some of the most visible and challenging topics in the field of Reproductive Technology and outlines the ethical, legal, and social challenges created by semen cryopreservation techniques.

The current study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro nutritional worth of maize silage based total

mixed ration (R:C ratio of 65:35) consisting of graded levels of bee propolis. Bee propolis was added to maize silage based total

mixed ration (TMR) at 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2% on DM basis. The net gas production, partitioning factor, digestibility

of nutrients (OM, NDF, DM), microbial mass production, efficiency of microbial mass production, short chain fatty acids

and metabolizable energy (ME) were not affected by the addition of graded levels of bee propolis. However, inclusion of bee

propolis @ 0.2 percent (DM basis) significantly reduced (P≤0.05) ammoniacal–N production (NH3-N) in the in vitro medium.

Therefore, bee propolis could be added at 0.2% level on DM basis in the maize silage based TMR without affecting feed

digestibility and microbial mass production with a potential to decrease nitrogen losses and improve feed efficiency.

The present study entitled “Pathomorphological and Immunological Assessment of ZnO nanoparticles induced hepatic toxicity

in male wistar rats” was undertaken. For this purpose, a total of 72 rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. The rats

of group I were given normal basal feed and water as they served as control rats. The rats of Group II, III & IV were given

aqueous solution of ZnO nanoparticles orally at the dose rate of 800 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW & 200 mg/kg BW, respectively.

The histopathological alterations and immunological alterations were recorded at the intervals 15-, 30- and 45-days exposure

of experimentation. Grossly, no marked changes were evident in liver of any treatment group upto 30 days of exposure period.

Slight paleness was evident in liver at 45 days of exposure period. Histopathologically, normal histoarchitecture of hepatocytes

was evident in all groups upto 15 days of exposure. Thereafter, cellular swelling, hydropic degeneration, focal necrosis and

increased sinusoidal spaced were evident in liver of rats of groups II & III after 30 days. Hepatic IL-6 revealed a significant

increase in group II after 30 days, while significant increase was evident in both groups II & III after 45 days of exposure. TNF-α

increased significantly in group II in hepatic tissue after 30 days, while significant increase was evident in both groups II & III

post 45 days of exposure. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that ZnO nanoparticles caused sub-acute toxicity

at doses above 200mg/kg.

Goat husbandry plays a vital role in providing house hold nutritional security, increased income and employment in rural

transformation. In order to assess the influence of on-farm supplementary feeding of commercial probiotic on growth in growing

kids has been evaluated. Twenty (3 months old) weaned kids of Marwari breeds were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. One

group served as control (Without supplementation) and other group as treatment group fed probiotic @ 5 g/kid/d for 90 days.

Both the group animal grazing on community pasture land. The study revealed that probiotic supplemented experimental group

achieved significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight gain and improved average daily body weight gain (ADG) by 18.55g more

than control group. The study further indicated that Diahorrea and respiratory disorders occurred less frequently in experimental

group compared to control group animals. Conducting farmer’s participatory trial on farmer’s flock can prove to be a very

effective approach for creating awareness and acceptance of technology.

A 6 year old Kankrej bull was referred to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, with the complaint of anorexia, weakness, reluctance

to move and oedema at brisket region from last 5 days. Clinical examination revealed pale mucous membranes, elevated rectal

temperature, tachypnoea, tachycardia, reduced rumen motility, swollen pre-scapular lymph nodes, oedema at the brisket region

and slight engorgement of the jugular vein. X-ray was done and the radiographic findings did not reveal any defect. Then ECG

was advised and it revealed that the heart was working with a normal sinus rhythm but heart beat was slightly high. Peripheral

blood sample was collected from ear vein and examined for the haemoprotozoans. Microscopic examination of the peripheral

blood smears was positive for Theileria annulata organisms. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count and serum

biochemical analysis. After treatment an uneventful recovery was noticed as was seen from the decrease in the fluid of brisket

region.

Parent care in Indian palm squirrels is a natural behaviour. Palm squirrels (Funambulus pennantii) especially females (also

helped by male but not always) take care of their young ones until they are capable to feed by themselves. They have given birth

to one to three young ones at a time, but survival depends upon the mother feed and environmental conditions. The feeding habit

of squirrels and seasons influence the nutritional properties of milk for the nourishment of young ones. During the breeding

season, study finds that squirrel prefers to give birth in the old nest if available or not destroyed otherwise squirrel have made

a new nest from cotton cloth, jute rope (always preferred) and mattress (coconut fibers). Development of young ones depends

on the nutrition of mother milk and number of young ones. Male squirrel give protection to young once from predator like kites

and hawks by making sharp, high-pitched alarm calls at the time of danger.