Year: 2026 | Month: April | Volume 16 | Issue 2
Evaluation of Polymethylmethacrylate with Intramedullary Titanium K-Wire Fixation for Long Bone Fractures in Birds
Naveen Chandra Bhatt1
Randhir Singh1*
Neha Sharma1
Babita Das1
Apra Shahi1
Shobha Jawre2
Apoorva Mishra1
Payal Jain3 and Nidhi Rajput2
DOI:10.30954/2277-940X.02.2026.5
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) combined with intramedullary titanium K-wire fixation for long bone fractures in birds and compare outcomes with titanium K-wire fixation alone. A comparative study on 12 birds randomly divided into two equal groups (Group I: titanium K-wire alone; Group II: titanium K-wire with PMMA). Twelve birds (wild and domestic) with long bone fractures (humerus, radius-ulna, femur, tibiotarsus) underwent open reduction and intramedullary pinning. Clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and lameness assessment were performed. Group II demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) higher radiographic scores on days 7, 21 and 45 (mean day 45: 5.66±0.21 vs. 4.33±0.65), indicating accelerated healing. Lameness scores decreased significantly (P<0.05) in Group II on days 7, 21, 45 compared to Group I. Total leukocytes decreased significantly (P<0.05) from day 0 to 7 in both groups (Group I: 20.46±1.52 to 15.68±0.70; Group II: 15.60±1.80 to 12.65±0.37 ×10³/L). Heterophils decreased significantly (P<0.05) from day 0 to 7 (Group I: 72.33±3.64 to 62.33±2.74%; Group II: 66.83±1.07 to 58.16±0.65%). Lymphocytes increased significantly (P<0.05) by day 7 in both groups. Overall functional recovery was very good to good in 83.33% (5/6) Group II birds versus 66.67% (4/6) Group I birds. Study was concluded PMMA combined with titanium K-wire fixation provides superior biomechanical stability, accelerated radiographic and clinical healing, improved early limb function and reduced post-operative complications compared to K-wire fixation alone in avian long bone fractures.
Highlights
- Use of polymethylmethacrylate for fracture repair in birds.
- Use of titanium K-wire for fracture repair in birds.
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