Year: 2026 | Month: April | Volume 16 | Issue 2
Isolation, Identificatcion and Antibiogram Profile of Salmonella pathogen from Free Ranglng Chicken Cloacal Swabs in Konta-Zone South West Ethiopia
Mulugeta Abera*
Desta Hailemichael
Nezif Mohammed and Tadel Tollosa
DOI:10.30954/2277-940X.02.2026.1
Abstract:
Salmonellosis is the major food born disease in the world with series public health problem. A cross sectional study was conducted from march to June 2024 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in the study area to isolate, identify, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella species in chicken cloacal swabs from the Konta Zone of Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 384 cloacal swab samples from backyard poultry farms raising exotic, local, and hybrid breeds. The descriptive statistic method was used for analysis to determine the significance of difference or variation of prevalence. The study was conducted utilizing the conventional methods and the biochemical tests were done for the detection of Salmonella spp. The overall prevalence of Salmonella species was 31(8.06%), with significant (p>0.05) variations across districts and poultry breeds. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by the agar disk diffusion method. The result of 31 (100%) resistance rates was observed for erythromycin, while tetracycline showed 25(80.6%) resistance rate. Moderate resistance levels were noted for Kanamycin, spectinomycin, and amoxicillin 12 (20-40%). Gentamicin and ceftriaxone antibiotics showed susceptible, suggesting they may still be effective treatment options. Exotic breeds demonstrated a higher prevalence 21 (16.15%) compared to local breeds 2 (1.12%). Female chicken exhibited a higher prevalence 24(11.48%) than male chicken 7 (4.00%). Chida 2 district exhibited the highest prevalence, necessitating targeted interventions. Continuous surveillance and research are crucial to understand Salmonella dynamics in the region. The isolated Salmonella strains, revealing alarming levels of antimicrobial resistance. Implementing effective control measures, and public health interventions, is essential to reduce the incidence of Salmonella -related foodborne illnesses and protect public health. In general, implement Community based Participatory disease surveillance system would be conducted to assess and prioritize the major chicken diseases in study area.
Highlights
- Climatic conditions have been shown to affect Salmonella survival and proliferation.
- Exotic and commercial poultry breeds may be more susceptible to Salmonella infections.
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